由疾病、衰老和损伤导致的器官功能衰竭是人类健康面临的主要威胁。自体器官修复缓慢甚至难以自我修复、移植捐献器官供应不足、异种移植安全性问题等原因，使得器官功能障碍修复一直是生命科学与健康研究领域的难点和重点。类器官可以在体外较好地模拟对应器官的关键结构和特定功能，对器官发生、疾病模拟、药物筛选、精准医疗等多个领域具有重大意义。同时，依托类器官技术和前沿交叉学科融合，实现体外器官结构和功能的重现，对于器官体外重构、体内移植、疾病研究和功能修复有重要意义。 

本项目首先系统地总结了我国在类器官和器官重构领域的整体发展趋势、发展现状以及发展的意义和价值，对该领域的整体发展有总体的研判和总结。在领域总论的基础上，本项目结合类器官研究的前沿技术，从消化系统、呼吸系统、神经系统、内分泌系统、泌尿和生殖系统、运动系统、循环系统、类胚胎模型和肿瘤这九个方面进行了归纳，总结了各自领域的发展和战略价值，梳理了各自领域面临的关键科学技术挑战及各自领域的研究基础及条件，以推动前沿技术的前瞻性发展。在类器官自身领域发展的基础上，本项目还对器官重构所涉及的前沿交叉方向进行了学科交叉融合研判，包括器官芯片推动的重构器官结构完整性和功能稳定发挥、器官组织血管化推动重构器官物质交换和长期维持、生物3D打印推动器官细胞多样性和精细结构建造、生物材料的材料学支持、类器官与器官移植推动的器官修复与再生等交叉学科的优势互补，并进行了小节总述。除了学科发展和前沿交叉学科研判外，本项目还在相关理论方面进行了总结，如道德地位与尊严、隐私保护、商业化等问题。同时，在本领域方向发展思路和政策建议上，从能力建设、制度建设、法规建设等多方面进行了归纳。 

总而言之，本项目从类器官自身发展出发，结合前沿交叉学科，以多学科协同方式加强类器官模型的成熟度、适用性、高效性及复杂度，推动再生领域从局部修复到整体重构，从单一功能演变到实现器官多功能，从体外培养到体内移植的重要突破。本项目通过对多学科融合的类器官行业、体外器官重构及体内器官再生领域进行总结梳理，为类器官和器官重构领域发展提供了研究方向，为器官重构和器官功能修复提供科学指引及政策建议。

Organ failure caused by diseases, aging, and injuries poses a major threat to human health. Challenges such as slow or insufficient self-repair, organ shortage for transplantation, and safety issues in xenotransplantation have made organ dysfunction repair a persistent focus and difficulty in the fields of life sciences and health research. Organoids, which can simulate key structures and specific functions of corresponding organs well in vitro, hold significant implications for organ development, disease modeling, drug screening, precision medicine, and more. Leveraging organoid technology and interdisciplinary integration at the forefront, the recreation of organ structure and function in vitro is crucial for organ reconstruction, transplantation, disease research, and functional restoration. 

This project systematically reviews the overall development trends, current status, significance, and value of organoids and organ reconstruction in China. Combining a general overview of the field, the project integrates cutting-edge technologies in organoid research and categorizes developments and strategic values in nine aspects: digestive system, respiratory system, nervous system, endocrine system, urinary and reproductive system, musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, embryoid body models, and tumors. It summarizes the scientific and technical challenges faced by each area and outlines the research foundations and conditions to drive the forward-looking development of advanced technologies. Building upon the development of organoids, the project also assesses interdisciplinary integration in the field of organ reconstruction, including the role of organ chips in promoting the integrity and stable function of reconstructed organs, vascularization of organ tissues for substance exchange and long-term maintenance, 3D bioprinting for cellular diversity and precise structure construction, material science support for biological materials, and the synergies between organoids and organ transplantation for organ repair and regeneration. The project concludes with a summary of these interdisciplinary advantages. In addition to disciplinary development and interdisciplinary assessments, the project provides a summary of relevant theoretical issues such as ethical status and dignity, privacy protection, and commercialization. Furthermore, the project offers insights and policy suggestions for the development of this field, encompassing capacity building, institutional development, and regulatory construction. 

In summary, starting from the development of organoids and incorporating interdisciplinary approaches, the project enhances the maturity, applicability, efficiency, and complexity of organoid models. It aims to propel the field of regeneration from local repair to overall reconstruction, from single-function evolution to achieving multi-functional organs, and from in vitro cultivation to the significant breakthrough of in vivo transplantation. By summarizing and organizing the interdisciplinary organoid industry, in vitro organ reconstruction, and in vivo organ regeneration, the project provides research directions and scientific guidance, offering policy suggestions for the development of organoids and organ reconstruction.