太阳磁场及其磁活动主导了从近地空间到行星际空间，再到星际边界的整个日球层环境。太阳极区磁场及其动态过程在揭示太阳内部发电机机制以及塑造日球层磁场方面尤为重要。然而，到目前为止，对太阳极区的高质量观测相当有限，尤其是精确的偏振和多普勒成像。

中国的太阳极轨天文台（SPO）任务将以大轨道倾角（大于80度）和小椭圆偏心率轨道，以前所未有的方式直接对太阳极区进行成像。基于多波段遥感和原位测量，SPO将聚焦于：太阳磁活动周期起源、高速太阳风的起源，以及为创建一个数据驱动的全球日球层数值模型提供必要、完整且自洽的初边界条件，为空间天气预报奠定基础。

Solar magnetic fields and related solar magnetic activities dominate the heliospheric environments from the near-Earth space, to the interplanetary space, and up to the interstellar boundary. The polar magnetic fields of the Sun and its dynamic processes are especially vital in the aspects of manifesting the internal dynamo of the Sun, and shaping magnetic fields in the heliosphere. But so far, high quality observations of solar polar region is quite limited, especially the accurate polarization and Doppler imaging. 

The Chinese spacecraft of Solar Polar-orbit Observatory (SPO) has been designed to directly image the solar polar regions in an unprecedented way by traveling in a large solar inclination angle (larger than 80 degree) and a small ellipticity. Based on multi-band remote-sensing and in-situ easurements, the SPO will focus on: the origin of solar magnetic activity cycle and high-speed solar wind,and providing the necessary, complete, and self-consistent initial and boundary conditions for creating a data-driven global heliospheric numerical model that serves as the foundation for space weather prediction.

邓元勇，国家天文台研究员，太阳物理研究部主任、现任北京天文学会监事长。从事太阳物理研究和天文仪器研制工作三十余年，主要开展太阳磁场观测、研究和设备研制。近年主持完成基金委国家重大科研仪器研制（部委推荐）项目 “用于太阳磁场测量的中红外观测系统”、先导专项“先进天基太阳天文台”卫星 “全日面矢量磁像仪”研制。作为建议人提出了太阳极轨天文台（SPO）项目，目前以首席科学家身份全方位参与SPO工程研制工作。

DENG Yuanyong is a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatory(NAOC), Director of the Solar Physics Research Department of NAOC,  and current supervisor of the Beijing Astronomical Society. He has been engaged in solar physics research and the development of astronomical instruments for over 30 years, with a primary focus on solar magnetic field observation, research, and equipment development. He led the development of the first mid-infrared solar magnetic field measurement system (AIMS) in the field of solar physics and the first Chinese space-based solar magnetograph. As the proposer of the project, he put forward China's solar polar exploration project—the Solar Polar-orbit Observatory (SPO). Currently, the SPO has entered the prototype development stage.