“夸父一号”ASO-S卫星是中国首颗综合性空间太阳天文台，由中国科学院空间科学先导专项支持，于2022年10月9日在酒泉成功发射。卫星搭载三台科学载荷：全日面矢量磁像仪FMG、莱曼阿尔法太阳望远镜LST、硬X射线成像仪HXI，主要用于观测太阳磁场、日面到2.5倍太阳半径近日冕的Lyman-α图像、硬X射线暴的能谱和成像，研究磁场、耀斑和日冕物质抛射的形成、演化及彼此关联。卫星运行三年以来，获得了太阳活动25周的大量特色数据。团队在白光耀斑、莱曼阿尔法爆发特性、耀斑高温高能电子特性、太阳X射线暴各向异性、太阳爆发三维立体研究等方面获得了重要进展。此外，在ASO-S/HXI的基础上，正在研制面向深空立体观测的轻量化硬X射线成像仪和新一代高空间分辨率成像技术，推进编队飞行太阳高能天文台卫星FFESO项目。FFESO拟实现天基最高空间分辨率多波段太阳成像，在日冕加热难题、太阳风起源、磁重联精细过程等前沿问题上获得突破。

ASO-S satellite（Kuafu-1） is China’s first comprehensive solar observatory in space, supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was successfully launched from Jiuquan on 9 October 2022. The spacecraft carries three scientific payloads: the Full-Disc Vector Magnetograph (FMG), the Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST), and the Hard X-ray Imager (HXI). They measure Sun’s magnetic field, record Lyman-α images of solar disk and corona up to 2.5 solar radii, full disk images at 360 nm, and provide spectra and imaging of hard X-ray bursts, enabling studies of how magnetic fields, flares, and coronal mass ejections form, evolve, and interact. In its first three years of operations, ASO-S has gathered a wealth of unique data on Solar Cycle 25. The team has achieved major advances in studies of white-light flares, the characteristics of Lyman-α bursts, properties of high-temperature and energetic electrons in flares, solar X-ray directivity, and three-dimensional properties of solar eruptions. Based on ASO-S/HXI, we are now developing a lightweight hard X-ray imager optimized for deep-space stereoscopic observations and new generation of high spatial-resolution imaging technology, advancing the Formation-Flying high Energy Solar Observatory (FFESO) mission. FFESO is designed to deliver the highest spatial resolution multi-band solar imagery and to break new ground on frontier problems such as coronal heating, the origin of the solar wind, and the fine-scale physics of magnetic reconnection.

苏杨，中国科学院紫金山天文台研究员，主要研究太阳活动和空间高能成像技术，目前任紫金山天文台暗物质和空间天文研究部副主任，中国空间科学学会理事。曾在美欧学习工作8年，入选国家人才计划并回国投入“夸父一号”（ASO-S）工程，主导完成HXI载荷成像系统原理方案设计、数据和软件任务，解决多项工程难题。HXI成功实现中国首次太阳硬X射线成像。在Nature Physics等杂志发表一作和通讯文章26篇，在耀斑磁重联、大气加热、耀斑高能电子方面取得了重要成果。

SU Yang, professor at the Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. My work focuses on solar activities and space-based high-energy imaging techniques. I currently serve as Deputy Director of the Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Division at PMO, and council member of the Chinese Space Science Society. After eight years of study and research in US and Europe, I returned to China under a national talent program and joined the ASO-S mission. I led the conceptual design of the imaging system for the Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) payload, the development of data processing and analysis software, and resolved several engineering challenges. HXI successfully achieved China’s first-ever solar hard X-ray images. As the first- and/or corresponding-author, I have published 26 papers in journals including Nature Physics, with major results on flare magnetic reconnection, heating of solar atmosphere, and energetic flare electrons.