One of the grand questions of humanity is about the origin and early evolution of our Universe. Cosmology is the ultimate frontier of Space science and some reflections about the current challenges and opportunities for the advance of our knowledge are presented. Rather than the point of view of the expert cosmologist, the position of management of a global science programme in the selection of appealing objectives and innovative technologies is shown.

Alvaro GIMÉNEZ是西班牙高等科学研究理事会（CSIC）研究教授，并担任西班牙航天局管理委员会成员。此前，他曾任马德里康普顿斯大学天体物理学教授、安达卢西亚天体物理研究所高级科学家，在西班牙国家航空航天技术研究所（INTA）创立西班牙空间天体物理与基础物理实验室（LAEFF），并于1995年出任INTA总所长。2001年，Alvaro Giménez加入欧洲航天局（ESA），担任欧洲空间研究技术中心（ESTEC，位于诺德韦克）空间科学部主任；随后在ESA巴黎总部担任局长科学政策协调员，并于2008年至2010年间借调至马德里领导西班牙天体生物学中心（CAB）。2011年被任命为ESA科学与机器人探测部主任。2018年结束ESA任期后，出任CSIC基金会总干事，并担任伯尔尼国际空间科学研究所（ISSI）高级科学家。他曾作为顾问参与国家空间科学中心（NSSC）及ISSI-BJ多项倡议工作，近期被委任为ISSI-BJ董事会成员。2022年，在CSIC天体生物学中心（CAB）工作期间，受西班牙科学与创新部长委任担任部级特派代表，负责筹建西班牙航天局，后作为部创新秘书长顾问协助该机构建设。

Prof. Alvaro GIMÉNEZ is a research Professor in the Spanish Science Research Council (CSIC) and member of the Management Council of the Spanish Space Agency. Previously, Professor of Astrophysics in the Universidad Complutense, senior scientist in the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, founder of the Spanish Laboratory for Space Astrophysics and Fundamental Physics (LAEFF) at the Spanish National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA) and later, Director General of INTA in 1995. In 2001, Alvaro Giménez joined ESA as the Head of the Space Science Department in ESTEC (Noordwijk); subsequently he worked as Science Policy Coordinator for the Director General in ESA HQ (Paris) and was seconded, from 2008 to 2010, to lead the Spanish Astrobiology Centre (CAB) in Madrid. In 2011 he was appointed Director of ESA’s Science and Robotic Exploration. After finishing his term in ESA in 2018 and was appointed Director General of the Fundación CSIC and senior scientist of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern. He has participated as a consultant in several initiatives of NSSC and ISSI-Beijing where he was recently appointed as a member of the Board of Trustees. In 2022, while in CSIC at the Centre for Astrobiology (CAB), he was appointed by the Minister of Science and Innovation, special delegate of the ministry for the creation of the Spanish Space Agency and later help in its developments as collaborator of the ministry´s Secretary General for innovation.