Autoimmune diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorder including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, affecting l0.1%of the population worldwide. Clinical features of these diseases are systemic organ impairments, vasculitis and destructive arthritis, associated with immune abnormality and autoantibody production. There are unmet needs in early diagnosis and rational treatment, leading to disability, and increased mortality. Recent improvement has been achieved in better understanding of molecular mechanism and development of promising therapies for these diseases. However, specific biomarkers and targeting treatments are expected clinically to improve the prognosis of these autoimmune conditions, especially in long term remission and immune homeostasis. The lecture will focus on the challenges and opportunities in research of these autoimmune diseases.