本书在系统梳理信息科学发展历程的基础上,总结了信息科学的科学意义和战略价值、学科特点和发展规律。围绕信息科学国际发展趋势、国家科技发展和人才队伍建设需求,详细分析了我国信息科学领域的发展现状和挑战,提出了我国信息科学中长期(2021—2035年)发展的关键科学问题、发展思路、发展目标、重点研究方向和保障措施等建议,为我国信息科学未来发展提供指导。
信息科学是人类社会从信息时代向智能时代发展中的先导性科学技术,是国家科学技术进步的重要标志,是推动国民经济、社会发展和国防安全的技术保障,是实现可持续发展、提升国家综合竞争力的强大动力。在新的全球格局和大国竞争的国际环境下,信息科学战略性地位更加突出。加强前瞻性和颠覆性技术研究,持续推动关键技术突破,为新时代我国参与广泛的全球竞争提供有力科技保障和核心竞争力,确保我国在未来全球竞争中的战略优势。因此,对信息科学领域的传统学科、新兴学科、交叉学科等进行研究并根据具体发展状况和发展阶段制定相应的发展规划,有利于实现合理高效的资源配置和各学科的高质量发展。
“十二五”和“十三五”期间,我国信息科学发展迅速,部分研究领域实现重大突破,但是我国信息科学领域基础研究和产业整体仍然是大而不强,正处于由大变强、由“跟随并跑”向“并跑领跑”转变的关键期。过去10年,在国家大力引导和支持下,我国在信息技术领域取得长足进步,学术水平日益接近国际水平,中青年研究人才储备丰富;但是,在基础研究方面,我国重大原始创新的数量和质量与欧美等发达国家还存在一定差距。基于此,本书提出了我国信息科学未来发展目标、总体思路和重点发展方向。
到2035年,我国信息科学领域的总体目标是实现学科均衡、协调和可持续发展。信息科学的发展要为自主完整的国家安全体系、工业体系和经济体系提供稳固的基础和支撑,为更加广泛的全球竞争提供科技保障。围绕信息科学发展趋势和满足国家重大战略需求,我国信息科学学科发展布局需要强化优势学科,扶持薄弱学科,支持学科纵深发展,促进新兴交叉学科发展,侧重基础、前瞻、人才和学科融合。深度融合国家“一带一路”可持续发展战略和“两个一百年”奋斗目标,全力推进信息科学技术领域的高速高质量发展和广泛的国际合作。
信息科学发展总体思路是以促进基础研究取得重大进展和服务创新驱动发展战略为出发点,根据我国经济社会和科学技术发展的需求,从促进学科发展、培养人才队伍、推动原始创新、服务国家重大需求等方面聚焦重要科学前沿。为使我国在信息科技领域中实现重点突破,解决国家战略需求中的关键性科学和技术问题,依据已有基础和发展前景,确立了2021—2035年我国信息科学领域发展战略中的15个重点发展方向,包括:空天地海信息网络基础理论与技术;人机物信息物理系统基础理论与关键技术;新一代网络体系结构及安全;高分多源探测与复杂环境感知;自主智能运动体和群系统;人机物融合场景下的计算理论和软硬件方法与技术;未来信息系统电子器件/电路/射频基础理论与技术;超高算力集成电路芯片系统;?半导体材料、器件与跨维度集成;光电子器件及集成;应用光学理论与技术;生物与医学信息获取、融合及应用;人机融合的数据表征、高效计算与应用;类脑智能核心理论与技术;人工智能基础理论与方法。
最后,为促进我国信息科学技术快速持续发展,战略规划小组从国家重大需求,鼓励原始创新、完善人才资助、建立专家团队、建设实验平台、多元化资助以及学风建设等方面提出了信息科学发展的保障措施与政策建议。
Abstract
This book systematically reviews the development of the discipline of information science, summarizing its scientific significance, strategic value, characteristics, and developmental patterns. Focusing on international trends in information science, national technological development, and the need for talent pool construction, it conducts a detailed analysis of the current state and challenges in the field of information science in our country. It proposes recommendations for the key scientific issues, developmental approaches, goals, major research directions, and safeguard measures for the medium and long-term (2021-2035) development of information science in our country, thus providing guidance for the future development of information science in our country.
It is an important indicator of national scientific and technological progress, a technical safeguard for promoting national economic and social development, and national defense security, and a strong driving force for achieving sustainable development and enhancing national competitiveness. In the new global layout and international environment of great power competition, the strategic position of information science has become more prominent. Strengthening forward-looking, disruptive technology research and continuously promoting breakthroughs in key technologies provide powerful technological support and core competitiveness for our country's participation in the wide-ranging global competition of the new era, ensuring our country's strategic advantage in future global competition. Therefore, research on traditional, emerging, and interdisciplinary fields in information science and the formulation of corresponding development plans based on specific developmental situations and stages will facilitate the rational and efcient allocation of resources and high-quality development of various disciplines.
During the “12th Five-Year Plan” and “13th Five-Year Plan” periods, our country’s information science experienced rapid development, and significant breakthroughs were achieved in some research fields. However, the overall status of basic research and industry in the field of information science in our country is still large but not strong. It is currently in a critical period of transitioning from being large to becoming strong and from “following and catching up” to “running alongside and leading”. However, in terms of basic research, there is still a certain gap in the quantity and quality of major original innovations between our country and developed countries in Europe and the United States. Therefore, this book proposes the future development goals, overall ideas, and key development directions of information science in our country.
By 2035, the overall goal of the information science field in our country is to achieve balanced, coordinated, and sustainable development. The development of information science should provide a solid foundation and support for an independent and complete national security system, industrial system, and economic system, as well as technological guarantee for broader global competition. Based on the development trends of information science and the fulfllment of major national strategic needs, the development layout of information science in our country needs to strengthen advantageous disciplines, support weak disciplines, support the in-depth development of disciplines, and promote the development of emerging interdisciplinary subjects. Emphasis should be placed on fundamentals, forward-looking research, talent cultivation, and disciplinary integration. Deep integration with the national strategy of sustainable development of the Belt and Road Initiative and the “Two Centenary Goals” should be pursued, and eforts should be made to promote high-speed and high-quality development in the field of information science and technology and foster extensive international cooperation.
The overall approach to the development of information science is based on promoting major advancements in basic research and serving the innovation-driven development strategy. It focuses on important scientifc frontiers, taking into account the needs of our country’s economic, social, and scientifc technological development. To achieve key breakthroughs in the feld of information technology and address critical scientifc and technological issues in line with national strategic needs, the development strategy for our country’s information science field from 2021 to 2035 has established 15 key areas of focus. These areas have been identifed based on existing foundations and development prospects, including a fundamentals and technologies of space-air-sea information networks,fundamentals and key technologies of human-machine-object information-physical systems,next-generation network architecture and security,high-resolution multi-source detection and complex environment perception,autonomous intelligent mobile systems and swarm systems, computing theories, software and hardware methods, and technologies in the context of human-machine-object fusion, fundamentals and technologies of electronic devices/circuits/radio frequency for future information systems, ultra-high-performance integrated circuit chip systems, semiconductor materials, devices, and cross-dimensional integration, optoelectronic devices and integration,applied optical theories and technologies,acquisition, integration, and application of biological and medical information,data representation, efcient computation, and applications in human-machine integration,core theories and technologies of brain-inspired intelligence,fundamental theories and methods of artificial intelligence.
Finally, to promote the rapid and sustainable development of information science and technology in our country, the strategic planning group has put forward suggestions for measures and policies to safeguard the development of the discipline. These recommendations are based on national strategic needs and focus on encouraging original innovation, improving talent funding, establishing expert teams, building experimental platforms, diversifying funding sources, and fostering a conducive academic environment.